Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and sensory processing disorder (SPD) are two neurodevelopmental conditions that are often misunderstood or even mistaken for one another. While they do have a lot in common, their characteristics and diagnostic criteria are different. Knowing the distinction between the two is important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention strategies. When you recognize the signs of each, you can provide proper support and understanding to people you know who may be affected.

Distinguishing Characteristics of Autism

  • Difficulty interpreting social cues, like tone of voice and facial expressions
  • Repetitive behaviors, known as stims
  • Narrow and hyper-focused interests
  • Challenges understanding and expressing emotions
  • Poor communication skills
  • Struggles forming and maintaining relationships
  • Increased sensory sensitivities
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Distinguishing Characteristics of Sensory Processing Disorder

  • Increased sensory sensitivities
  • Difficulty processing and integrating sensory information
  • Seeking or avoiding certain sensations, such as bright lights, loud noises or deep pressure
  • Challenges with motor coordination and balance
  • Difficulty regulating emotions and behaviors in response to sensory input
  • Often overwhelmed by sensory-rich environments
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What are the similarities between sensory processing disorders and autism?

Both of these diagnoses involve heightened sensitivity to certain sensory stimuli or specific sensory aversions. As with anything, the degree of sensitivity and to which types of input is going to be unique to each person. It’s also common for people with autism or SPD to struggle with self-regulation and present behavioral challenges. While repetitive behaviors are a hallmark feature of autism, individuals with sensory processing disorder may also engage in repetitive actions or movements as a way to cope with sensory overload.

What are the differences between sensory processing disorders and autism?

Studies show that 96% of children with autism also have sensory processing issues, but not all kids with sensory processing disorders have autism, making it even more important to recognize the differences between the two.

Autism diagnoses reveal a broader range of symptoms beyond sensory processing challenges. Both autism and sensory processing disorders often involve social challenges, however the root of it is with communication difficulties for autism, rather than the processing issue. A sensory processing disorder diagnosis primarily focuses on difficulties with processing and integrating sensory information, unlike the more comprehensive set of developmental challenges involved in autism.

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Due to the complexity of the diagnosis and the way the symptoms present, one might mistake autism and sensory processing disorders for each other. Accurately distinguishing between them requires careful evaluation by trained professionals. Many people are not familiar with sensory processing disorders and may think that a child has autism based on certain behaviors they see. It is important not to jump to conclusions and realize that each person experiences autism or sensory processing symptoms differently. By recognizing the signs and distinguishing between the two, individuals can receive tailored support and interventions that address their specific needs and will enhance their quality of life and well-being.

 

Learn more about autism and sensory processing with our Sensory Coach Series.